ReFS
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Resilient File System, codenamed "Protogon", is a Microsoft proprietary file system introduced with Windows Server 2012 with the intent of becoming the "next generation" file system after NTFS. Wikipedia
Data deduplication: Yes, since v3.2 debuting in 2016 v1709
Developer(s): Microsoft
Directory contents: B+ tree
Introduced: 1 August 2012; 11 years ago with Windows Server 2012
Max volume size: 35 petabytes